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Content
Indicators > Social
Studies > History > 9th Grade
9-10 Grades: Social Studies Benchmarks for History
A. Explain connections between the ideas of the Enlightenment and
changes in the relationships between citizens and their governments.
B. Explain the social, political, and economic effects of
industrialization.
C. Analyze the reasons that countries gained control of territory
through imperialism and the impact on people living in the territory
that was controlled.
D. Connect developments related to World War I with the onset of World
War II.
E. Analyze the connections between World War II, the Cold War, and
contemporary conflicts.
F. Identify major historical patterns in the domestic affairs of the
United States during the 20th century and explain their significance.
History (Enlightenment Ideas)
9th Grade:
1. Explain how Enlightenment ideas produced enduring effects on
political, economic, and cultural institutions, including challenges to
religious authority, monarchy, and absolutism.
2. Explain connections among Enlightenment ideas, the American
Revolution, the French Revolution, and Latin American wars for
independence.
History (Industrialization)
9th Grade:
3. Explain the causes and effects of the Industrial Revolution with
emphasis on:
 a. How scientific and technological changes promoted
industrialization in the textile industry in England;
b. The impact of
the growth of population, rural-to-urban migrations, growth of
industrial cities, and emigration out of Europe;
c. The changing role of
labor and the rise of the union movement;
d. Changes in living and
working conditions for the early industrial working class, especially
women and children;
e. The growth of industrialization around the
world.
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Buckeye Furnace:
Buckeye Furnace Buildings and Grounds
(523 k)
Students will learn of the raw materials and the
process of producing iron.
Youngstown:
Museum Tour (2,107 k)
Students will learn about the places where steelworkers lived and labored.
History (Imperialism)
9th Grade:
4. Describe the political, economic, and social roots of
imperialism.
5. Analyze the perspectives of colonizers and the colonized concerning:
a. Indigenous language;
b. Natural resources;
c. Labor;
d. Political
systems;
e. Religion.
6. Explain the global impact of imperialism including:
a. Modernization
of Japan;
b. Political and social reform in China;
c. Exploitation of
African resources.
History (20th Century Conflict)
9th Grade:
7. Analyze the causes and effects of World War I with emphasis on:
a. Militarism, imperialism, nationalism, and alliances;
b. The global
scope, outcomes, and human costs of the war;
c. The role of new
technologies and practices including the use of poison gas, trench
warfare, machine guns, airplanes, submarines, and tanks;
d. The Treaty
of Versailles and the League of Nations.
8. Analyze the causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution
including:
a. The lack of economic, political, and social reforms under
the tsars;
b. The impact of World War I;
c. The emergence of Lenin,
Stalin, and the Bolsheviks;
d. The rise of communism in Russia.
9. Assess the global impact of post-World War I economic, social, and
political turmoil including:
a. Disarmament;
b. Worldwide depression;
c. Colonial rebellion;
d. Rise of militarist and totalitarian states in
Europe and Asia.
10. Analyze the causes of World War II including:
a. Appeasement;
b. Axis expansion;
c. The role of the Allies.
11. Analyze the consequences of World War II including:
a. Atomic
weapons;
b. Civilian and military losses;
c. The Holocaust and its
impact;
d. Refugees and poverty;
e. The United Nations;
f. The
establishment of the state of Israel.
12. Analyze the impact of conflicting political and economic ideologies
after World War II that resulted in the Cold War including:
a. Soviet
expansion in Eastern Europe;
b. The division of Germany;
c. The
emergence of NATO and the Warsaw Pact;
d. The Chinese Communist
Revolution.
13. Examine social, economic, and political struggles resulting from
colonialism and imperialism including:
a. Independence movements in
India, Indochina, and Africa;
b. Rise of dictatorships in former
colonies.
14. Explain the causes and consequences of the fall of the Soviet Union
and the end of the Cold War including:
a. The arms build-up;
b. Ethnic
unrest in the Soviet Union;
c. Independence movements in former Soviet
satellites;
d. Global decline of communism.
15. Examine regional and ethnic conflict in the post-Cold War era
including:
a. Persistent conflict in the Middle East;
b. Ethnic strife
in Europe, Africa, and Asia.
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